Do solar panels still work in winter?

As winter closes in and the days grow shorter, it’s hard not to wonder if solar panels can manage in such harsh weather conditions. After all, the UK really isn’t known for its endless sunshine. The truth is reassuring solar panels are designed to perform all year round, including during the darker, colder months. Here’s how they keep their efficiency up when the temperature goes down.

The common assumption is that they run off heat, which isn’t correct. They’re powered by sunlight. It’s the light itself, converted into energy through the photovoltaic cells within the panels. If daylight can reach the panels, then they’re working even in freezing temperatures. Interestingly, cold temperatures actually help the efficiency of solar panels. According to The Eco Experts, solar panels can generate electricity in almost any type of weather, and cold weather doesn’t affect their performance unless temperatures drop below -40°C (Lebreton, 2024).

What Happens on Cloudy or Snowy Days?

Since winter days are shorter, the total hours of daylight are fewer. Solar panels also work on cloudy days, gathering whatever sun that gets through the clouds. On cloudy days, they typically produce 10–25% of their normal output (Welch, 2023). Snow is generally thought of as one issue, but it can actually enhance performance under very particular conditions. It’s what has come to be known as the “albedo effect” where clean snow reflects sunlight onto the panels. In one recent study published in the journal Solar Energy, it was found that, under snowy conditions, panels may be able to take advantage of this reflective boost. While heavy snow can block sunlight temporarily, most panels are installed at an angle that allows snow to slide off on its own. Their dark surfaces also absorb heat, speeding up melting.

Real-World Evidence of Winter Solar Success

If you think you need proof that solar panels work in cold climates, look no further than northern Europe. Germany, despite its often grey, overcast winter season, still manages to be one of the world leaders in solar energy. Meanwhile, Norway and Sweden continue trucking along with solar power as part of their renewable energy mix during extreme winter conditions with very short days. According to GreenMatch, solar panels work well in winter, as they rely on sunlight and daylight to function and aren’t affected by lower temperatures (GreenMatch, 2024).

Why Solar Power can work year round

While winter may reduce overall energy output, solar panels are still a reliable source of electricity during the year. Paired with solar batteries, you can store extra energy generated during sunnier months and use it when days are shorter. For homeowners and businesses, solar panels remain a smart and sustainable investment even in winter. So, let the cold months not deter you. Solar is not for sunny skies but a strong and resilient, year-round answer to cut your carbon footprint and save on energy costs.